Diverse names of Pheromones of human beings

What Makes Pheromones so Powerful?

One of the reasons that pheromones have such a mystique is because it seems, on the surface of it, impossible that just smelling something can create measurable physical and psychological changes. How can smelling human male pheromones make women more mentally relaxed and physically receptive to sexual activity?

The answer lies deep within the human brain. To understand the power of pheromones, let’s take a crash course in the anatomy and physiology of the human brain.

Put simply, the brain has three layers: brain stem, midbrain, and forebrain. The brain stem is the most primitive portion, controlling basic body functions like the beating of the heart and the regular in/out of breathing. The midbrain is more developed than the brainstem and plays a role in processing and storing some types of information. Roughly speaking, brain stem and midbrain structure and function are the same in all mammals, including humans.

What distinguishes humans from other species is the enormous size of the forebrain, the most developed layer, but we can disregard it entirely when we’re looking at where the power of pheromones comes from. What matters most to the understanding of how human pheromones trigger behavior is the midbrain and brain stem, which are very similar across all species of mammals. In all, throughout the entire brain, the tissue is a dense web of interconnecting nerve cells that are richly supplied with blood.

Particular regions of the brain specialize in different types of activity. There are areas dedicated to different sensory input: visual (in the occipital lobe at the rear of the brain), taste (in the middle of the brain), auditory (in the temporal areas on the side of the brain), and smell, which processes the chemical message in pheromones. Of these, the smell, or olfactory, processing area is located deepest within the brain, closest to the more primitive structures we share with other animals.

The areas that process olfactory input, including that from pheromones, are very close to an extremely important structure in the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is an almond-sized structure just above the brain stem, the most primitive part of the brain. As is the case elsewhere in the brain, too, cells of the olfactory processing area interconnect with those of the hypothalamus.

What makes the hypothalamus so important? It’s where the nervous system connects to the endocrine system. In other words, nerves meet hormones in the hypothalamus. Upon receiving the right signals from the brain, the hypothalamus releases certain hormones that regulate sexual attraction and activity. In other words, pheromones bypass the forebrain, the thinking part of the brain, altogether and act directly on the most primitive parts of the brain.

Research shows that when women smell male pheromones, the blood flow to a certain area of their hypothalamus increases. (Men smelling pheromones from women activate a different area of the hypothalamus.) The chemical message in pheromones goes in the nose and into the brain, where it directly triggers the release of hormones that impact sexual behavior.

Because all parts of the brain are interconnected, the chemical message in pheromones also triggers distinct psychological responses. When women smell male pheromones, they feel more relaxed and receptive.

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Juno Wheeler is author of this article on Men`s Pheromones. Find more information about male pheromones here.

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